![](/media/xildmo5n/008-araglin-bfarch_2063.jpg?width=160&height=120&v=1db4be41d6beac0&format=webp)
Part of an early blast furnace (Araglin, Ireland)
artefactual evidence
![](/media/xygp3gbm/ashburnham-cannon-fort-prince-of-wales-churchill-manitoba.jpg)
![](/media/fb5loc5j/img_0691-002.jpg?width=160&height=120&v=1db4bf15845c2d0&format=webp)
Documentary record search
Conferences
![](/media/mdabt1pq/cwv-13-re-etched.jpg?width=160&height=120&v=1db4be39dc00c70&format=webp)
Etched sample of unworked bloomery iron (photomicrograph)
![](/media/qgrojo3b/iron-railings-1685385_1280.jpg)
experimental reconstruction
![](/media/03kmvkjo/10a-copper-smelting_workshops_operation-nightingale_ex-roundhouse_dsc_08431-scaled.jpg)
more comparative studies
![](/media/ggtp23kd/varenne-finery-9-1024x768-1.jpg)
![](/media/bqooyctt/nsc052-05505.jpg?width=160&height=120&v=1db4be33e1fea60&format=webp)
Contents of one box in the National Slag Collection
& just digging
![](/media/cfafbg14/jp926__0001-pit-cascade-beauport.jpg?width=160&height=120&v=1db4bea64a07770&format=webp)
Open cast iron ore mining, Romano-British
![](/media/msbdcqy2/slag-vesicular-scotts-hollow-horseshoe.jpg?width=160&height=120&v=1db4be546749100&format=webp)
Highly vesicular bloomery slag
comparing excavated sites
![](/media/jkzelihe/dscn4560.jpg)
![](/media/b5fl3wja/pett-sideritic-outcrop.jpg?width=160&height=120&v=1db4cae302456f0&format=webp)
Outcrop of sideritic ore overhanging sandstone
![](/media/flth0q21/mapall-irin-sites.jpg?width=160&height=120&v=1db4be882fce7f0&format=webp)
Activity frequency mapping (iron works)
experimental archaeology
![](/media/wotlqzvd/dscn8191.jpg)
Crafts