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artefactual evidence


Highly vesicular bloomery slag
& just digging

Etched sample of unworked bloomery iron (photomicrograph)

Crafts
comparing excavated sites

Conferences
experimental archaeology

more comparative studies


Documentary record search

Part of an early blast furnace (Araglin, Ireland)

Activity frequency mapping (iron works)

Contents of one box in the National Slag Collection

Open cast iron ore mining, Romano-British
experimental reconstruction


Outcrop of sideritic ore overhanging sandstone