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artefactual evidence


Open cast iron ore mining, Romano-British

Part of an early blast furnace (Araglin, Ireland)

Documentary record search

Activity frequency mapping (iron works)
Conferences
& just digging
experimental reconstruction

Crafts
more comparative studies


Outcrop of sideritic ore overhanging sandstone

Contents of one box in the National Slag Collection

Highly vesicular bloomery slag
comparing excavated sites

experimental archaeology



Etched sample of unworked bloomery iron (photomicrograph)