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Part of an early blast furnace (Araglin, Ireland)

Activity frequency mapping (iron works)
artefactual evidence

experimental reconstruction

more comparative studies


Documentary record search
Crafts
& just digging
experimental archaeology

comparing excavated sites



Open cast iron ore mining, Romano-British

Outcrop of sideritic ore overhanging sandstone

Highly vesicular bloomery slag

Contents of one box in the National Slag Collection

Etched sample of unworked bloomery iron (photomicrograph)
Conferences